receptive language

基本解释

Reading is a receptive language process and is often the chief goal of language learners.
阅读是语言接受的过程，也是语言学习者的主要任务。
The ability to understand what is heard (receptive language) is still growing faster than speech (expressive language).
孩子听力（接受性语言能力）的发展要比话语能力（表达性语言能力）快一些。
Poor receptive language, simple expressive language, unable to ask questions and slow development of language reported by parents were negatively associated with grammatical development.
小儿的语言理解差、语言表达简单、不会主动提问和语言发展慢与结构表达量呈负相关。

There's other disorders of language such as receptive aphasia where the person could speak very fluently but the words don't make any sense and they can't understand anybody else.
还有其他的语言障碍,诸如,接收性失语症,患有这种病的病人,语言流畅,但所讲话语没有任何意义,而他们也无法理解别人的话语
耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选