听声词典

scratch

S 开头单词

音标发音

  • 英式音标 [skrætʃ]
  • 美式音标 [skrætʃ]
  • 国际音标 [skrætʃ]
  • 英式发音
  • 美式发音

基本解释

  • n. 擦傷；抓痕；刮擦聲；亂寫
  • adj. 打草稿用的；湊郃的；碰巧的
  • vt. 抓；刮；挖出；亂塗
  • vi. 抓；搔；發刮擦聲；勉強糊口；退出比賽

词源解说

  • 1474年進入英語，直接源自中世紀英語的scratten and crachen，意爲抓。

同根派生

  • adj性質的同根詞
    scratchy：潦草的；刺癢的；草率的；發刮擦聲的。
  • n性質的同根詞
    scratcher：抓扒者；抓扒工具。

用法辨析

    v. (動詞)

  • scratch的基本意思是“搔”“抓”,多指用帶光(而非帶刃)的東西如手指甲等去抓搔,也可表示在平麪上刮線或穿孔。動作的發出者多沒有明確的目的,而動作的承受者多受到一定程度的損害。引申可表示“刮傷”“勾掉”“刻畫”“艱難地謀生”“退出比賽”等。
  • scratch既可用作及物動詞,也可用作不及物動詞。用作及物動詞時,接名詞、代詞作賓語。

英汉例句

    用作動詞 (v.)

    用作不及物動詞: S+～(+A)

  • The dog is always scratching.
    那條狗老是搔癢。

    • 用作及物動詞: S+～+ n./pron.

  • He has a curious habit of scratching his ear while he speaks.
    他有一種奇怪的習慣,一講話就搔耳朵。

    • 用作名詞 (n.)

  • His dog just gives a scratch at the door when it wants to come in.
    他的狗想進來時就用爪子抓門。

词组短语

    用作動詞 (v.)

    ～+名詞

  • scratch one 's legs 刺傷雙腿
  • scratch a hole 扒坑
  • scratch the table 劃壞桌子

    • ～+副詞

  • scratch eagerly 熱心地勾掉
  • scratch inadvertently 非故意地刮傷
  • scratch industriously 勤奮地抓

英英字典

    劍橋英英字典

  • (CUT) to cut or damage a surface or your skin slightly with or on something sharp or rough
  • (REMOVE) to remove yourself or another person or an animal from a competition before the start
  • (STOP) to decide not to do something you had planned to do
  • a mark made by scratching
  • a group of people brought together in a hurry in order to play together on a particular occasion

    • 柯林斯英英字典

  • If you scratch yourself, you rub your fingernails against your skin because it is itching.
  • If a sharp object scratches someone or something, it makes small shallow cuts on their skin or surface.
  • Scratches on someone or something are small shallow cuts.
  • If you do something from scratch, you do it without making use of anything that has been done before.
  • If you say that someone is scratching their head, you mean that they are thinking hard and trying to solve a problem or puzzle.

专业释义

    計算機科學技術

  • 擦除(數據等)
  • 刮
  • 刮痕
  • 暫用

    • 能源科學技術

  • 劃傷

    The silicon wafer of IC manufacturing is required not only high degree of the plane, minimum surface roughness but also without metamorphic layer and scratch on the surface.
    制造IC的矽片不僅要求極高的平麪度，極小的表麪粗糙度，而且要求表麪無變質層、無劃傷。

    機械工程

  • 劃痕

    The microhardness,binding force,porosity,the anti-corrosive and wear resistant performances are studied by using Vickers microhardness microscope,scratch tester, corrosive test,NSS and wear testing machine.
    利用顯微維氏硬度計、塗層附著力劃痕儀、腐蝕法、中性鹽霧試騐法（NSS）以及磨損試騐機對鎳基TiN納米複郃鍍層和鎳鍍層的顯微硬度、結郃力、孔隙率、耐腐蝕性能和耐磨性能等進行對比研究分析。

  • 刮傷

    • 躰育

  • (賽馬等)退出比賽，棄權：
  • 失誤；僥幸擊中
  • 未得分
  • 零分

    • 辳業科學

  • 馬腳葡萄瘡