听声词典

hard

H 开头单词

音标发音

  • 英式音标 [hɑːd]
  • 美式音标 [hɑːrd]
  • 国际音标 [hɑ:d]
  • 英式发音
  • 美式发音

基本解释

  • adj. 努力的；硬的；困难的；辛苦的；确实的；严厉的；猛烈的；冷酷无情的
  • adv. 努力地；困难地；辛苦地；接近地；猛烈地；牢固地
  • n. （Hard）人名；(英、芬、瑞典)哈德

词源解说

  • 直接源自古英语的heard，意为固体的，结实的，不软的；最初源自原始日耳曼语的kharthus。

同根派生

  • adj性质的同根词
    hardened：变硬的；坚定的。
    hardy：坚强的；勇敢的；能吃苦耐劳的；鲁莽的。
  • n性质的同根词
    hardship：困苦；苦难；艰难险阻。
    hardness：[物]硬度；坚硬；困难；冷酷。
    hardy：强壮的人；耐寒植物；方柄凿。
    hardening：硬化；淬火；锻炼。
  • v性质的同根词
    hardened：坚定，变硬（harden的过去分词）。
    hardening：硬化；使强壮（harden的ing形式）。
  • vi性质的同根词
    harden：变硬，变坚固；变坚强；变冷酷。
  • vt性质的同根词
    harden：使…变硬；使…坚强；使…冷酷；使…麻木不仁。

用法辨析

    adj. (形容词)

  • hard作“困难的”解时,指要消耗很大的体力去做某事,有时也指精神上的困难。
  • hard还可表示“费力的,费神的,艰难的” “持强硬态度的,不妥协的,不让步的” “有力的,猛烈的,严厉的” “困苦的,难以忍受的” “(声音)刺耳的,(颜色)刺目的” “酒精含量高的”等。
  • hard在句中可用作定语或表语,其后可跟for〔to, with〕等介词短语、动词不定式、that从句。
  • hard是对主语具有评价意义的形容词,说明主语在哪方面“难”。接动词不定式时,句子的主语不是该不定式的主语,而是该不定式的宾语。

    • adv. (副词)

  • hard修饰动态动词,位于实义动词之后。
  • hard一般表示“困难的”。This is a hard question to answer. 这是个难题，不好回答。
  • hard在hard of hearing（有些聋的）中有特殊含义“艰难的”，注意不适合用在别处；
  • hard后可接of和表示动作的名词。This food is hard of digestion. 这个食物很难消化。
  • 注意hard一般不会和impossible连用，可选择将difficult同impossible连用。It is hard, if not impossible. 这个表达是错误的。

英汉例句

    用作形容词 (adj.)

    用作定语: ～+ n.

  • Make a hard knot.
    打一个结实的结。

    • n. +～

  • That's a hill hard to climb.
    那是座难爬的山。

    • 用作表语: S+be+～

  • This bit of wood feels hard.
    这块木头摸起来很硬。

    • S+be+～+ prep .-phrase

  • This job will be hard for me.
    这工作对我来说将会是很困难的。

    • S+be+～+(for sb) to- v

  • The poem is hard to understand.
    这首诗难懂。

    • S+be+～+that-clause

  • This candy is so hard that no one can chew it.
    这种糖太硬,没人嚼得动。

    • It is/was+～+(for sb) to- v

  • It's hard to know what he's really thinking.
    很难知道他到底在想什么。

    • 用作宾语补足语: S+V+O+～

  • Regular physical exercises soon made the boys hard.
    经常的运动使那些男孩的身体很快变结实了。

    • 用作副词 (adv.)

    用作状语

  • They tried hard to succeed.
    他们尽力设法取得成功。

词组短语

    用作形容词 (adj.)

    ～+名词

  • hard bargain 大肆讨价还价
  • hard customer 挑剔的顾客
  • hard face 难看的脸
  • hard heart 铁石心肠
  • hard job 艰苦的工作

英英字典

    剑桥英英字典

  • (SOLID) not easy to bend, cut, or break
  • (DIFFICULT) difficult to understand, do, experience, or deal with
  • (USING EFFORT) needing or using a lot of physical or mental effort
  • (SEVERE) not pleasant or gentle; severe
  • (ALCOHOL) A hard drink contains a high level of alcohol.
  • (WATER) Hard water contains a high level of minerals that prevent soap from cleaning.
  • (CLEAR) able to be proved
  • (WEATHER) used to describe a time when there is bad weather
  • (USING EFFORT) with a lot of physical or mental effort
  • (WEATHER) If it rains or snows hard, it rains or snows a lot.

    • 柯林斯英英字典

  • Something that is hard is very firm and stiff to touch and is not easily bent, cut, or broken.
  • hardness
  • Something that is hard is very difficult to do or deal with.
  • If you work hard doing something, you are very active or work intensely, with a lot of effort.
  • Hard is also an adjective.
  • Hard work involves a lot of activity and effort.
  • If you look, listen, or think hard, you do it carefully and with a great deal of attention.
  • Hard is also an adjective.
  • If you strike or take hold of something hard, you strike or take hold of it with a lot of force.
  • Hard is also an adjective.
  • You can use hard to indicate that something happens intensely and for a long time.
  • If a person or their expression is hard, they show no kindness or sympathy.
  • If you are hard on someone, you treat them severely or unkindly.
  • Hard is also an adverb.
  • If you say that something is hard on a person or thing, you mean it affects them in a way that is likely to cause them damage or suffering.
  • If you have a hard life or a hard period of time, your life or that period is difficult and unpleasant for you.
  • hardness
  • Hard evidence or facts are definitely true and do not need to be questioned.
  • Hard drugs are very strong illegal drugs such as heroin or cocaine.
  • If you say that something is hard going, you mean it is difficult and requires a lot of effort.
  • To be hard hit by something means to be affected very severely by it. ...
  • If someone plays hard to get, they pretend not to be interested in another person or in what someone is trying to persuade them to do.

专业释义

    经济学

  • （货币）可兑换黄金的
  • （钱币）金属制的
  • 硬的

    • 医药科学

  • 结实又硬的
  • （身体）结实的

    • 交通运输工程

  • 到极限地

    • 化学

  • 安定的，难合成的；(化学制品)难分解的
  • （洗涤剂等）非生物降解性的
  • 硬的

    • 物理学

  • (x射线等)具强大穿透力的，硬(性)的

    • 航空、航天科学技术

  • (飞行器着陆)硬的，碰撞的

    • 军事学

  • 设重防的；(导弹发射场等)设于地下的

    • 摄影

  • （底片等）高反差的

    • 食品科学技术

  • 坚硬的

    • 计算机科学技术

  • 硬的