causal association

基本解释

Dr. Haupt of Merck said that the company knew of the case but saw no “causal association.”
默克的豪普特博士说公司知道了这个案例，但看不出有“因果联系。”
Extensive studies and data analysis of influenza vaccines have only found a well established causal association with the 1976 vaccine that contained an H1N1 swine-influenza-like virus.
经由对流感病毒的进一步研究和数据分析，只发现在1976年含有类似于H1N1病毒的疫苗存在一例具有完整因果联系的案例。
In a commentary, however, the editors of the journal observe that the design of the study does not permit it to "conclusively demonstrate a causal association between glucose levels and cancer risk."
然而，在评论中，该杂志的编辑发现该研究的设计无法得出最终的结果“即最终证实血糖水平和癌症风险之间的因果联系。”

First, as Dr. Goodall makes pains to point out, this study does not advocate a causal association between physician-led hospitals and their performance.
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As is usually the case in studies of this sort, the sample size was small (and therefore not as robust as might be desirable) and the result showed an association, rather than a definite, causal relationship.
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